Representation

Representation:

How UK migration is represented.

UK migration is presented in a negative light, as shown in this image. In this image it shows how the UKIP leader, Nigel Farage believes the UK has lost control of it's borders due to the EU, which is only one of the reasons why he campaigned to leave the EU. Immigrants are portrayed under the stereotype of being uneducated, poor, Non-English speaking, job stealing, money grabbing people. They are also portrayed as coming over just for the free-health care and benefit system.They are portrayed as being like a threat that come in large groups to move to the UK. There is also a stereotypical view being made in the press that these immigrants are terrorists as they may be migrating from countries that are at war, and are therefore portrayed as a threat to British society.
The UKIP Party are pro-authority, and are eurosceptics and want independent control of the UK, like how it was before we joined the EU. They want a strict border on who can or cannot enter the country.
The stereotype created in this image is that all immigrants come in large groups, and that it is just the men that come over before the men to get jobs, in order to send money back home to their families, or to bring them over to the UK at a later date. They are also portrayed as poor, dirty, and almost like animals in how they look like they are being herded like sheep as they are overcrowding the UK.
Migration has influence the vote for Brexit in how the majority of people were fed up with the poor-healthcare, low benefits, low amount of job etc, and how immigrants were blamed for it, and by voting to leave the EU would end it all, or at least cap it.

Stereotypes in Media:

Black people:

• Loud
• Rude
• Aggressive
• Strong black women
• Like Chicken
• Can't swim
• Good at dancing and singing
• Gang related

Females:

• House wives
• Have babies
• Lower than men
• Constantly care about appearance
• Usually attractive
• Unemployed

Males:

• Constantly think about sex
• Physical workers
• Unorganised
• Cannot cook, clean, look after children
• Can't be nurses, only doctors
• Active
• Gym obsessed, and obsessed with being healthy

Youths:

• Wear hoodies
• Have life easy
• Insecure
• Criminals
• Violent
• Drugs and alcohol obsessed
• No interest in Politics
• Brain dead
• Technology obsessed
• Knife crime
• Can't drive
• Moody
• Over dramatic makeup

Essex people:

• Spray tan
• Loud
• Dumb
• Short/tight clothes
• Short tempered
• Slang

Scottish people:

• Alcoholic
• Argumentatives
• Rugby
• Ginger
• Pessimistic
• Hate English
• Tough as nails
• Strong accent
• Love haggis
• Always wear kilts
• Bagpipe obsessed

Age:

• Buffoon 
• Slow
• Cautious of everyone
• Rude
• Call everyone "dear"
• Hunched back
• Walking stick or frame

The Inbetweeners representation - S3 Ep 5 

In the Inbetweeners, the youths are portrayed as trouble, such as when they vandalise someone's garden, and again when they deface a public welcoming flower display saying "welcome to our village", and turning it into a rude display. The other stereotype of youths portrayed in this video was the idea that all youths are alcohol obsessed, shown when they constantly talk about having parties and drinking heavily. An additional stereotype was portrayed in their attire, that all youths wear hoodies, are aggressive and loud. They used bad language frequently, one of the characters, Jay, was the embodiment of the youth stereotype, and used the worst language, with almost every third word being "f*** "or "s***". There was however one character, Will, who was the complete opposite of the stereotype, as he did not care for the rebellious activities, the aggressive behaviour, the parties and alcohol, and he cared about his education deeply. Jay is the stereotype, whereas Will is the opposite of the stereotype. Thirdly, there was the stereotype of youths being sex obsessed which was conveyed in the clip.

Sound
In this clip, the sound was cheerful, cheesy music which was done to make the scene funny, as the music is humorous because it is cheesy, almost like elevator music. One of the four boys, Will, was narrating over the scene from his perspective.

Mise en scene
In this clip, if the group is having a discussion, they are sat on a sofa (living room scene), with a table in front of the. In the gaming scene, there is are game controllers in the teenagers hands. In the scene in Jay's bedroom, there is a dirt/mess everywhere and the room is very dark with limited lighting. Whereas in Will's living room it is organised, elegant and bright. In the sixth form, yet again it is dark, the furniture is basic and depressing, and the men are sat at cheap chairs with a cheap table in front of them.

Camera work
In this clip, the camera mostly focused on close up shots of the youths faces, flicking between them to show their reactions when insults were made. There were over the shoulder shots only behind the character of Will, done almost like it was from his perspective. There were few wide shots of all of the men, mostly because it focused on their reactions to each other. The insults just bounce off of each other which is why there is heavy focus on their faces rather than their whole body. There is one shot with the camera doing a full body shot of the whole group which is used in the introduction of a new scene, which shows all of the boys sitting around a table in a sixth from common room. The head teacher is always shown from a low angle/worms eye view to make him look more frightening and domineering over the students. It makes the students look even more smaller than the tall gentlemen.

Editing
In the editing of this episode, you can see that it has been done so that it is an easy watch fort he audience, as a character's face is always centre of the screen, and that it is constantly moving from one person talking, to another person responding to them. It isn't fast paced but the shots are constantly changing from one person to another. It was edited so that when a new scene is being introduced, there is a shot of all of the men and a clear view of the background, alongside the cheerful/cheesy music or narration in between scenes or during.

Representations of women across all media tend to highlight the following:

•beauty (within narrow conventions)

•size/physique (again, within narrow conventions)

•sexuality (as expressed by the above)

•emotional (as opposed to intellectual) dealings

•relationships (as opposed to independence/

  freedom)

They are often linked to the domestic situation

– Women as housewives or mothers.

–OR
as sex objects (sexualised and objectified) represented to entertain and titillate the male.





In Advertising and Magazines

They are shown as…

•Young

•Slim

•Overwhelmingly white

•Conforming to our image of ideal beauty (perfect skin, hair and alluring gaze).

Laura Mulvey:

She was a theorist and a feminist

Mulvey, came up with the concept on male gaze in 1975.

Here Mulvey wrote a very influential essay ‘Visual pleasure and Narrative Cinema’. Stating that women are used for visual pleasure- women are made to seem like sexual objects through voyeurism. She argued that women took the passive part of a film and that all men played an active part, in her eye the women were objects.

Van Zoonen:

– feminism and patriarchy.

Van Zoonen believes the media portray images of stereotypical women and this behaviour reinforces societal views.

The media does this because they believe it reflects dominant social values (what people believe in) and male producers are influenced by this. This is a patriarchy (a society ran by men for men) which dominates and oppresses women.

Representation of men across all media

'Masculinity' is a concept that is made up of more rigid stereotypes than femininity. 

Representations of men across all media tend to focus on the following:

• •Strength - physical and intellectual
  •Power
  •Sexual attractiveness (which may be based on the above)
  •Physique
  •Independence (of thought, action, finances)

Male characters are often represented as isolated, as not needing to rely on others (the lone hero). If they submit to being part of a family, it is often part of the resolution of a narrative, rather than an integral factor in the initial balance.
It is interesting to note that the male physique is becoming more important a part of representations of masculinity.

Masculinity and Violence

One area that has been the focus of much study is the relationship between males and violence in the media.

Earp and Katz (1999) studies male representations in the media and found “a widespread and disturbing equation of masculinity and pathological control and violence.”

They claim that the media is responsible for a steady stream of images that define ‘manhood’ as connected with violence, dominance and control - and create it as a normal and accepted part of masculinity.

The Metrosexual

•One recent development in the representations of masculinity is the Metrosexual ( mid 1990’s)•The young single man with a high disposable income, living in the city - as it is near to the best shops. Metrosexual man is not gay but is often confused with being homosexual.•He is objectified and sexualised (turned into a sex object) which goes against traditional representations of masculinity.

The Fool/ Buffoon

•The fool stereotype is a tried and tested formula  e.g. the bungling father in TV ads and Sitcoms. Usually well intentioned and light hearted, these characters range from slightly inept to completely hopeless in work or parenting and domestic situations.
•On the surface it may seem a very pejorative representation of men However they still always come out on top!

Media representations of male and females:    

In the photo of the man, his strength and intellect is shown in the suit, the bow tie, and glasses, almost like how a rich, important person would dress. His posture of being upright, back straight, glaring back at the camera with an expressionless face could make him look intimidating to some people, and consequently making him look strong. Yet again, his power is shown in his posture and appearance, looking smart and intelligent, which can be threatening to people. His sexual attractiveness is shown in his shape in the photo, with him looking sharply dressed, which may be aesthetically pleasing to some. It also comes down to his power and strength which is shown, yet again in his posture, stance, and facial expression. He has a slim, sharp, physique which people may see as something that is attractive or appealing to the eyes. He is standing strong, tall, and independent, and he doesn't look like he minds being alone. He has the appearance of a strong social standing, so looks good independent.

In the photo of the woman, she has limited/natural makeup, but the red lipstick and nail varnish make her look very sexy, as red is usually portray as a sexual colour and so it makes her look seductive. She has a slim figure, with pale white skin which you can see a lot of, as she has no clothing on. Her skin is clear which may be viewed as attractive, as she has no blemishes or scarring on her body. There is a question on whether some of this photo has been edited to make her body slimmer, or shinier, or her skin clearer, but it does not appear to have been photoshopped. Her sexuality is expressed in the naked pose, the glamorous hair that is flowing and shiny, the seductive lipstick, natural makeup, long red nails, blue jewellery, and her seductive pose. She looks emotional in how she is hunched over and her body is almost closed up, which has been done to make her look shy, or vulnerable.